That links talks about a paper, but doesn't provide a link (That i could see) it also mentions other papers which it does link to, its something i would really like to read. That website doesn't really even do a good job summarizing the scientific bits it just does a short and blunt statement :/
IMO short spikes following meals that last 1 or 2 hours that never go over 14 shouldn't be of concern as long as thats all they are - spikes. Meaning they slowly travel up to, lets say 10mmol/L and then fall right back down, and are up and back to normal (5-6) within 2 hours. I can't imagine how those could do significant damage, but i am not a doctor... i know there are lots of people who have lived 30 + years with Type 1 and have likely had those spikes everyday and have no signs of damage.
I am fairly certain that high sugars (anything over 7 or 8) for long periods, like days or longer, will certainly shorten the life of your organs.. but by how much? no one knows..
Its like the case of the smoker who smokes his whole life, to die at 85 from a stroke.. his lungs were damaged, and their life span was almost certainly cut short, but clearly the body had other plans. For all anyone knew the life span of this lungs went from 95 years to 90 years, but he never made it that far lol