Hi,
I've not been strictly scientific about it, so doubt I have the level of detail you require.
I know if I do a punishing squats and deadlift session I have to drop my basal by 70% for several hours afterwards and then eat before sleeping or I'll have a massive low during the night.
I may attach a libre sensor and do an exercise session for you, which would provide you with greater detail.
I also know from experience that heavy weights four times a week makes me more sensitive to insulin, when I'm being consistent and training in this manner I find my insulin to carb ratios need adjust e.g from 1 unit to 10g to 1 unit to 14g.
If I really push myself, e.g can barely walk 24 hours later due to DOMs I'll also often need to run a reduced basal on my pump the day after the session.
I do get highs after exercise, however this tends to be after running, if I've gone above my plodding 8-9 min mile pace or done sprints or trained at a higher intensity I'll see a spike in BG. Never really an issue I just bolus a unit or so and bring it back down.
Also, sometimes I'll correct a high with a run rather than a bolus...
All of these things combined will mean a marked decrease in my insulin requirements when I'm exercising regularly.
On the flip side, you have to fuel yourself correctly for heavy sessions, I did start with carb loading, I'd load up the day before on things like sweet potatoes, brown rice etc, but this obviously required an increase in insulin to match.
I tried to balance this with increasing fats, loads of avocado, brazil nuts, coconut oil. Which does give me energy, but if you're serious about getting the best results in terms of lifting or pace, carbs work better and seem to provide more energy, well in my empirical study of one this is the case ha.
I wouldn't undertake a 5X5 strength programme if I want to lose weight. However, if I wanted to increase muscle mass and increase insulin sensitivity as a result, I'd certainly consider it.
Cardio, I don't think it matters what it is, running, cycling walking, as long as your consistent and enjoy it.