T2 new to Insulin

John2003

Member
Messages
6
Type of diabetes
Type 2
Treatment type
Tablets (oral)
A quick intro. 65 year old male, type 2 diagnosed Jan 2003. Generally poor control with interludes of low carb, esp 2013 when I effectively put it into remission for about 8 months with very strict low carb. On metformin, dapaglifozin and exenatide. Feb this year suddenly started getting nasty side effects from the metformin and dapaglifozin so stopped them and went strictly low carb, one meal a day. However, BG tested with out of date test strips stubbornly high, 17 to 21 mmol/L. Concerned that endogenous insulin production failing, not sure what was going on as not accurate BG test data. Dropped from a high of about 117kg in 1996 to 78-80kg, 5ft 11, still got some visceral fat to lose but now able to wear the brand new 34" waist cords I bought from C&A a long time ago, loose, need a belt with them. Latest HbA1c was 10.4%.

Met with local practice diabetes nurse and specialist diabetes nurse a week ago and started low dose lantus then; starting with 6 units and steadily increasing dose. I know it's supposed to take 3 days to stabilise but 6 units wasn't having any effect so have slowly titrated dose upwards, now up to 20 units/day. Found various research papers on pubmed advising algorithms for titration of lantus doses, safely following advice found in the scientific literature, recording and analysing results in a spreadsheet. Initially new meter confirmed BGs in upper teens, since starting insulin have been gradually dropping, I hope I can add a graph.

Not sure if I am insulin deficient or still have high insulin resistance, probably both issues but what are the relative contrbutions. The most effective measure so far has been a 44 hour fast from 5pm Mon to 1pm Wed this week (first ever of this length, went better than anticipated!). FBG of 8.2 on 21/4. Back up to 17 this morning after an experiment of about 100g carbs yesterday evening.

I've been searching info on how much lantus a low carbing insulin sensitive T1 requires, ie. if totally dependent upon exogenous basal insulin to cover, say, 20 to 40g daily carbs. How does my usage compare to that and to what extent am I insulin deficient? I'm very familiar with the work of Volek and Phinney and bought both their books years ago; read lots of papers on the whole issue.

I don't want to be using insulin and hope I can wean myself off it after I have got the BG's down. High insulin levels resulting in inflammation resulting in elevated free radical production resulting in decreased levels of highly unsaturated membrane phospholipids which are strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity. So insulin resistance increases resulting in the need for more insulin, seems to be the accepted vicious circle leading to progressive loss of insulin sensitivity. So lower levels of insulin = good, don't really want to be injecting the stuff.

The good news is I've got a new test meter and now have reliable data about BGs.

Working through it and trying to be patient. I'm concerned that my endogenous insulin production is severely reduced and wonder if it can recover given external insulin support. There are several papers in the literature about the long term benefits of intensive early insulin therapy and the restoration of beta cell function when the pancreas is effectively given a holiday. Almost a couple of decades too late for that intervention.

Has anyone else been in the same position, achieved control and been able to progressively wean themselves of insulin therapy? Apologies for the rambling post if youve got this far. I'm sure others must have been in this same position.

You can see from the graph that increasing doses of lantus are giving only a gradual reduction in BGs and it was the 44 hour fast that tanked the numbers down to 8sh. NB strong dawn phenomenon.
Thanks for getting this far.

upload_2021-4-22_10-33-52.png
 

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In Response

Well-Known Member
Messages
3,445
Type of diabetes
Type 1
Treatment type
Pump
@John2003 Welcome to the insulin injectors club!
As has been said many times, there are many many things that affect or insulin requirements and comparing one person with another has little value. For example, I am smaller than you and very active. Both of these things are likely to reduce my insulin needs.
Furthermore, with Type 1 diabetes, basal/background insulin, such as Lantus. is not the only insulin we take. We also need a fast acting insulin. This is needed even when we follow a low carb diet, especially as our body will convert protein to glucose if it can get insufficient from the low carbs.
So, my basal insulin dose is lower than yours at the moment and my total insulin dose is more than yours. There are various reasons for this.
 

John2003

Member
Messages
6
Type of diabetes
Type 2
Treatment type
Tablets (oral)
I forgot to mention that I am also generally fairly active. My thoughts at the moment are that there must be some significant insulin resistance at work as 36 hours into a fast after 16 units of lantus my FBG was still elevated at 8.2.
 

Jaylee

Oracle
Retired Moderator
Messages
18,225
Type of diabetes
Type 1
Treatment type
Insulin
A quick intro. 65 year old male, type 2 diagnosed Jan 2003. Generally poor control with interludes of low carb, esp 2013 when I effectively put it into remission for about 8 months with very strict low carb. On metformin, dapaglifozin and exenatide. Feb this year suddenly started getting nasty side effects from the metformin and dapaglifozin so stopped them and went strictly low carb, one meal a day. However, BG tested with out of date test strips stubbornly high, 17 to 21 mmol/L. Concerned that endogenous insulin production failing, not sure what was going on as not accurate BG test data. Dropped from a high of about 117kg in 1996 to 78-80kg, 5ft 11, still got some visceral fat to lose but now able to wear the brand new 34" waist cords I bought from C&A a long time ago, loose, need a belt with them. Latest HbA1c was 10.4%.

Met with local practice diabetes nurse and specialist diabetes nurse a week ago and started low dose lantus then; starting with 6 units and steadily increasing dose. I know it's supposed to take 3 days to stabilise but 6 units wasn't having any effect so have slowly titrated dose upwards, now up to 20 units/day. Found various research papers on pubmed advising algorithms for titration of lantus doses, safely following advice found in the scientific literature, recording and analysing results in a spreadsheet. Initially new meter confirmed BGs in upper teens, since starting insulin have been gradually dropping, I hope I can add a graph.

Not sure if I am insulin deficient or still have high insulin resistance, probably both issues but what are the relative contrbutions. The most effective measure so far has been a 44 hour fast from 5pm Mon to 1pm Wed this week (first ever of this length, went better than anticipated!). FBG of 8.2 on 21/4. Back up to 17 this morning after an experiment of about 100g carbs yesterday evening.

I've been searching info on how much lantus a low carbing insulin sensitive T1 requires, ie. if totally dependent upon exogenous basal insulin to cover, say, 20 to 40g daily carbs. How does my usage compare to that and to what extent am I insulin deficient? I'm very familiar with the work of Volek and Phinney and bought both their books years ago; read lots of papers on the whole issue.

I don't want to be using insulin and hope I can wean myself off it after I have got the BG's down. High insulin levels resulting in inflammation resulting in elevated free radical production resulting in decreased levels of highly unsaturated membrane phospholipids which are strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity. So insulin resistance increases resulting in the need for more insulin, seems to be the accepted vicious circle leading to progressive loss of insulin sensitivity. So lower levels of insulin = good, don't really want to be injecting the stuff.

The good news is I've got a new test meter and now have reliable data about BGs.

Working through it and trying to be patient. I'm concerned that my endogenous insulin production is severely reduced and wonder if it can recover given external insulin support. There are several papers in the literature about the long term benefits of intensive early insulin therapy and the restoration of beta cell function when the pancreas is effectively given a holiday. Almost a couple of decades too late for that intervention.

Has anyone else been in the same position, achieved control and been able to progressively wean themselves of insulin therapy? Apologies for the rambling post if youve got this far. I'm sure others must have been in this same position.

You can see from the graph that increasing doses of lantus are giving only a gradual reduction in BGs and it was the 44 hour fast that tanked the numbers down to 8sh. NB strong dawn phenomenon.
Thanks for getting this far.

View attachment 49050

Hi,

It looks to me with all the fasting & BG testing like some form of "basal test?"
This will explain. https://www.mysugr.com/en/blog/basal-rate-testing/

You would probably need a c-peptide & GAD test to find out what your pancreas is actually doing in all of this.

The experiment you did with the carbs? Lantus is a long acting insulin. In short, it's not designed to work on meals it's designed to manage fasting levels.
As an insulin user. (& a new one at that.) If you are a driver?
DVLA suggests you should check BG levels before getting behind the wheel & every 2 hours driving there after whils operating the vehicle..
One of your HCPs should have advised you regarding informing the DVLA of your new status.

Best wishes.
 

EllieM

Moderator
Staff Member
Messages
9,288
Type of diabetes
Type 1
Treatment type
Insulin
Dislikes
forum bugs
Not sure if I am insulin deficient or still have high insulin resistance, probably both issues but what are the relative contrbutions.

Have you had a c-peptide test to see how much insulin you are still producing?

As @In Response said, insulin requirements are so variable that it's really hard to compare with others. Just be aware that U500 insulins (5 times the strength of normal insulin) are used by some T2s who are very insulin resistant.


My thoughts at the moment are that there must be some significant insulin resistance at work as 36 hours into a fast after 16 units of lantus my FBG was still elevated at 8.2.

Not necessarily. Your liver will pump out sugar in the morning regardless, so if you're not producing much insulin of your own the rise may be caused just by your liver. You need that c-peptide test. (And the GAD test suggested by @Jaylee would put to rest the possibility that you might be slow onset T1 rather than T2, though I think you'd probably have needed insulin before now if that were the case.)

Good luck.
 

John2003

Member
Messages
6
Type of diabetes
Type 2
Treatment type
Tablets (oral)
Thanks to all for the pointers and link.
I'm aware of the driving rules and requirement to inform DVLA, explained by DSNurse.
C-peptide wasn't measured in my last bloods on 30March21. Must see if I can get this done.
Using standard strength lantus with 100 units/ml.
I've naively assumed that (if it was a lack of home made insulin) that starting injecting insulin would push the BG's down and have been disappointed that I'm not more sensitive to it. I've been trying to stick to one low carb meal per day to keep those carb inputs and timings constant so that I could see the results of changing the single variable, the number of units of lantus.
I'd not come across basal rate testing, thanks for that pointer. I'm trying to interpret my results in terms of basal rate testing from earlier this week.

I had about 60g carbs in my meal Monday pm and 16 units of lantus. BG was 11.3
During the night my BG's drifted up slightly:
2130 = 11.7
Tues 20/4
0501 = 12.8
1014 = 12.8
1703 = 11.9 (next dose of lantus, 18 units)
2224 = 8.4 (after 28hrs without food)
Wed 21/4
0640 = 8.2
1250 = 10.3 still drifted up after about 43 hours without food.

So for the first 24 hours without food the 16 units maintained a fairly steady BG of 11-12 mmol/L. Does this qualify as a basal rate test?