Myasthenia Gravis And Gut Biome Diversity

JohnEGreen

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"The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbours a very complex and dynamic microbial community, the so called gastrointestinal microbiota. This complex microbial ecosystem exceeds the number of host cells1. It contains a gene set 100 times larger than that of the human genome, carrying out many functions that are not encoded in our own genome2. The bacterial colonization of the human gut with this microbiota plays an essential role for the development and maintenance of an appropriate metabolic and immune homeostasis in the host3,4.

An increasing body of scientific evidence has arisen during the last years indicating that the microbiota-host interaction affects not just the gut environment but also distal organs5,6,7. Among these, several studies strongly suggest that the intestinal microbiota may interplay with the nervous system and the brain8. Animal studies have evidenced the potential of the gut microbiota to modulate pain perception9,10,11, behaviour, mood and stress response5,12,13. The gut microbiota is able to produce neuroactive molecules such as histamine, acetylcholine or GABA, among others14. Actually, the gut is the second organ with more nerve cells in our body, behind the brain, and it has its own nervous system, the Enteric Nervous System (ENS), which has led to the concept of the Gut Brain15. However, the role of the microbiota in this context, especially regarding the neuro-muscular diseases, is only barely known. Several studies have focused on autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis but, to date, there are no data available on other pathologies such as myasthenia gravis (MG)"

"To the best of our knowledge this is the first study assessing the intestinal microbiota composition in AChR-MG patients as compared with matched healthy controls. Our results indicate a severe dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of these patients. This is in line with the recent evidence indicating the association of intestinal microbiota aberrancies and different autoimmune diseases such as allergy20,21, Type-1 diabetes22, inflammatory bowel disease23,24, lupus erythematosus25, multiple sclerosis26,27, rheumatoid arthritis28,29 or spondyloarthritis29, among others. However, there is not a common microbial dysbiosis pattern associated with these different autoimmune conditions and, therefore, the microbiota alterations found in MG patients do not seem to be extrapolated to other autoimmune conditions."

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32700-y

I just wonder if MG is assosiated with reduced or altered gut biome diversity how this may effect my diabetes and blood sugar control as the gut biome must play a significant role in diabetes generally.

Here is something regarding this and T1D
Distinct fecal and oral microbiota composition in human type 1 diabetes, an observational study
"
Results
Oral microbiota were markedly different in T1D (eg abundance of Streptococci) compared to HC. Fecal analysis showed decreased butyrate producing species in T1D and less butyryl-CoA transferase genes. Also, plasma levels of acetate and propionate were lower in T1D, with similar fecal SCFA. Finally, fecal strains Christensenella and Subdoligranulum correlated with glycemic control, inflammatory parameters and SCFA.

Conclusions
We conclude that T1D patients harbor a different amount of intestinal SCFA (butyrate) producers and different plasma acetate and propionate levels. Future research should disentangle cause and effect and whether supplementation of SCFA-producing bacteria or SCFA alone can have disease-modifying effects in T1D."

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0188475
 
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LaoDan

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The term “new normal “
I’ve been trying to improve gut health, I’ve been taking PB8 Probiotic, Lactobacillus & Bifidobacterium. And eating a lot of fiber and fermented foods. I was looking to improve the breakdown of fats. I generally feel better, but it’s hard to quantify. It’s a long process to change
 

zand

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I have been taking probiotics too plus fermented foods and fibre. For me though a big change in my general health occurred when I stopped using artificial sweeteners. I have read that they destroy the good gut bacteria (please don't ask for a link, I don't have one and my brain is struggling with even typing this post.)
 

Erin

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mean people, corrupt politicians, poverty, happy pharmaceutical ads;
"The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbours a very complex and dynamic microbial community, the so called gastrointestinal microbiota. This complex microbial ecosystem exceeds the number of host cells1. It contains a gene set 100 times larger than that of the human genome, carrying out many functions that are not encoded in our own genome2. The bacterial colonization of the human gut with this microbiota plays an essential role for the development and maintenance of an appropriate metabolic and immune homeostasis in the host3,4.

An increasing body of scientific evidence has arisen during the last years indicating that the microbiota-host interaction affects not just the gut environment but also distal organs5,6,7. Among these, several studies strongly suggest that the intestinal microbiota may interplay with the nervous system and the brain8. Animal studies have evidenced the potential of the gut microbiota to modulate pain perception9,10,11, behaviour, mood and stress response5,12,13. The gut microbiota is able to produce neuroactive molecules such as histamine, acetylcholine or GABA, among others14. Actually, the gut is the second organ with more nerve cells in our body, behind the brain, and it has its own nervous system, the Enteric Nervous System (ENS), which has led to the concept of the Gut Brain15. However, the role of the microbiota in this context, especially regarding the neuro-muscular diseases, is only barely known. Several studies have focused on autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis but, to date, there are no data available on other pathologies such as myasthenia gravis (MG)"

"To the best of our knowledge this is the first study assessing the intestinal microbiota composition in AChR-MG patients as compared with matched healthy controls. Our results indicate a severe dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of these patients. This is in line with the recent evidence indicating the association of intestinal microbiota aberrancies and different autoimmune diseases such as allergy20,21, Type-1 diabetes22, inflammatory bowel disease23,24, lupus erythematosus25, multiple sclerosis26,27, rheumatoid arthritis28,29 or spondyloarthritis29, among others. However, there is not a common microbial dysbiosis pattern associated with these different autoimmune conditions and, therefore, the microbiota alterations found in MG patients do not seem to be extrapolated to other autoimmune conditions."

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32700-y

I just wonder if MG is assosiated with reduced or altered gut biome diversity how this may effect my diabetes and blood sugar control as the gut biome must play a significant role in diabetes generally.

Here is something regarding this and T1D
Distinct fecal and oral microbiota composition in human type 1 diabetes, an observational study
"
Results
Oral microbiota were markedly different in T1D (eg abundance of Streptococci) compared to HC. Fecal analysis showed decreased butyrate producing species in T1D and less butyryl-CoA transferase genes. Also, plasma levels of acetate and propionate were lower in T1D, with similar fecal SCFA. Finally, fecal strains Christensenella and Subdoligranulum correlated with glycemic control, inflammatory parameters and SCFA.

Conclusions
We conclude that T1D patients harbor a different amount of intestinal SCFA (butyrate) producers and different plasma acetate and propionate levels. Future research should disentangle cause and effect and whether supplementation of SCFA-producing bacteria or SCFA alone can have disease-modifying effects in T1D."

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0188475

So, are we to understand that the distal organs are self-poisoned, as in sepsis for example, or brain poisoning? I had sepsis, due to chronic hypothyroidism due to lithium O.D. or diabetes, or an antibiotic interaction which may itself have caused sepsis. Whichever, it landed me in the ER where the li dose was halved and constipation was resolved. You do sound like a scientist. I don't understand the entirety of your post, but I will read it over and search for the words. Thank you.

D
 

Lamont D

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15,796
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I do not have diabetes
The GIT or gut where good and bad bacteria reside, is providing a lot of discussion between the medical community, and the biggest problem that challenges the profession is understanding how and why the bacteria has an effect on how to we metabolise our food. What is the process and why the hormones, have a direct impact on coping with higher or lower blood glucose levels, because of the imbalance in hormonal response.
My endocrinologist is not sure how I developed RH. The truth is probably something to do with how my body tried to cope with high carbs. Over the last twenty years before diagnosis, I was deemed to have organ problems, and I was getting stomach and gut issues. I had an endoscopy and was found to have quite an amount of heliocobacter pylori, this is one of the bacteria that most people have in small amounts., the bacteria won't be problematic until the balance between good and bad bacteria is out of balance, in favour of the bad bacteria.
It wasn't until later, when I read a university paper, that they noticed that the symptoms of RH were the same as after having heliocobacter pylori. After discussing this with my specialist, we never reached a positive decision if it was the bacteria or something else, that caused the insulin response to be inadequate to provide enough glucose to be used for good brain and blood sugar levels.
How does the gut and brain know or deliver the right balance of hormones to derive the glucose from what we eat? Obviously when your hormonal response is healthy, the brain will require and receive a balanced hormone balance automatically.
But why when the hormones are not good, how does the link work without enough or too much or none at all?
Because I have what is called an overshoot of insulin in response of my lack of useful insulin in my initial response, this secondary insulin response is too much and sends my blood glucose levels into Hypoglycaemia.
This link between the digestion process and how the brain controls your organs, is what is thought in many opinions. But because the hormones are already working before actually eating itself, the senses are the brain's forewarning of eating, the back and forth signals, from smell, eyes, taste and texture, the amount of saliva to aid the passage to the stomach, the subconscious messages back and forth while this is happening. Then the gut takes over and more signals, this is called the gut brain trigger for the essential hormones.
I can only imagine that the digestion process is more or less a production process and throughout the process certain chemicals and other microbes and bacteria are used on the way through from mouth to toilet. The hormones are the workers and the brain is the computer that controls the whole process. The food is the power and the energy levels are the result of this chemical and physical process.

As we have grown up through the modern western diet, the amount of sugars in our food is one of the reasons why we take remedies for colds and flu, because the amount of sugars gives you a sugar hit, this is when you feel a bit better and the symptoms ease. But after a few hours, you feel worse again, another sugar boost required. The worst addiction is the one we take as granted, needing the sugars and sweetening agents to satisfy your brain, that we keep going back to the same type of sugar infested treats and snacks.

I have thought about why we need and like different foods. Some are ones we have had all the time because of how our parents were able to provide food. Why does your least favourite foods taste awful, and for someone else they are so tasty and a favourite? Again the senses come into play, if like me, I have probably tried and hated more different foods from around the world, than you would believe. I even tried Greek yoghurt, even though I am lactose intolerant, and in small amounts, I really enjoy it, but if it was butter, cream, milk and cheese. My body can't tolerate it. And I would more than likely have all the symptoms of being unable to even put it in my mouth. I would have headaches, nausea and vomiting, and sweat a lot, it is similar to eating something that is food poisoning.
Why do I love fruit, even though it is in very small amounts during my window, and my nearest family member, we should have similarities, but he can't eat fruit and eats a lot more vegetables and dairy? We were provided the same food on our plates at meal times. So how could we have different favourites?
We have to eat, but the process is really controversial, and we don't have enough evidence to know for certain how it works, and why certain conditions can impact your health even if it supposed to be healthy. But not for you!
 
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JohnEGreen

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You know some times I hate Mr Google I keep finding things I'd rather not know.

Such as

"Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by skeletal muscle involvement, causing muscle weakness and fatigue. The prevalence of the disease is approximately 1:7500 with a maximal prevalence during the second and third decade in women and the fifth and sixth decade in men, although it may appear at any age. The disease has a slight female preponderance, with a sex ratio of 3:2. Cardiac involvement in myasthenia gravis may take several forms, ranging from asymptomatic ECG changes to ventricular tachycardia, myocarditis, conduction disorders, heart failure and sudden death.

When first diagnosed I was told it had no signifcant effet on the heart.

Also found that though there is a definate association between MG and DM that it is probably caused by the steroids used as therapy for MG

Though there is a higher risk for T1 but that's because they are both Autoimmune diseses and if you have one then you are more likely to develope another.