My friend is a pharmacist. She says that once the prescription is made up and labelled, it has to be binned, even if the customer hasnt opened the paper bag containing the prescription items.
The best thing to do to stop waste is cross out the items you dont want before handing the prescription to the pharmacist.
It's about controlling the chain of custody. Until it leaves the pharmacists hands, every single person involved in producing that drug has been logged and tagged so if there's an issue with the medicine it can be thoroughly investigated. When it comes to prescription meds - even things like test strips - risk of tampering is taken incredibly seriously. While that seems like a huge waste of drugs, as other people have noted in this thread already, the way to prevent it is to not fill the prescription in the first place. Wasted medication is the shining example of a "First World Problem".
We tend to think of the NHS and GP surgeries, hospitals, pharmacies as single, enormous organisation. But it's not. It's lots of little organisations that operate under specific rules (NICE guidelines for medicine and clinical stuff) and Public Health England (for things like reportable diseases and ensuring that the public are getting good-quality advice). The picture is further complicated by the creation of Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs which have replaced the old PCTs) and Hospital Trusts. GP surgeries can be informed and advised by their CCG, but they are not controlled by them. And then there's Health and Wellbeing Boards which introduces a whole political aspect to the picture...
It's also worth noting that GPs are just that - general practitioners. Nowadays you have "champion" GPs who will specialise in specific things like exercise, obesity, elderly care and whatnot, but that doesn't mean that they're carrying out research or have the expertise of a consultant. It just means that they're prepared to delve deeper into whatever they've specialised in, and that other GPs are able to approach them for advice.
These days we have increasing speciality in the form of Nurse Specialists - a diabetes nurse is one example. But even these people are bound by their practice policy, informed by NICE, PHE and their CCG. Depending on how progressive various areas are, some practise nurse specialists are able to be more patient-led in their approach, but medicine as a tradition has always been very top-down (i.e. they tell us what to do, instead of us telling them what we want) and I've got numerous examples (too boring to note) where an entire new approach or way of thinking has failed because no-one thought to tell the GPs what was going on.
It's not a failing on their part. They're under enough pressure and they hate things like 8 minute appointments and "1 problem per appointment" as much as we do. But if you have 100 patients for whom statins could be appropriate and you give them to only 70 of them, there's nothing stopping the Emergency Consultant demanding why #71, who just got wheeled in with a cardiac event wasn't on statins. "Trying to cut our prescriptions bill," doesn't quite read so fabulously in that report, no matter how noble the intention.
But there ARE innovators, like the lovely Dr Unwin who - as
@Brunneria noted, reduced his surgery's prescription bill... by a whopping £45, 000 / year - and won a prize for innovation:
http://www.norwoodsurgerysouthport....s_release_low_Carb_GP_wins_National_Award.pdf
My issue with "big pharma" is not, actually, the cost or the availability or even the pushing of the big drugs. It's that they're following the cash and not the need. If drug research was need-led, we'd have significant leaps forward in new antibiotics - a field which is desperately underfunded and yet presents problems that see us as a species teetering on the edge of disaster. Big investment is required, but it's not "sexy" enough and will initially prove incredibly expensive. So why would a cash-chaser bother when you can invent 3 more ways to sustain an erection or yet another antihistamine tablet and flood an already crowded market?*
Our NHS is a complex beast and GPs fight for funding and sustainability the same way any other business does. Sometimes they look for ways to innovate. Sometimes they focus on patient outcomes or being excellent at supporting carers or whatever else they've been asked to do by their local CCG's.
And, similarly, drug companies research in the direction their shareholders point them in, and they research what's going to sell super-well. This is the world we live in. It's less awful in the UK because companies can't advertise their specific drugs directly to patients and because GPs will often substitute for a generic form to save money, but we will never see big results in big problems unless the big companies are prepared to make big investments.
Sorry. Ranting a bit.
*I'm not saying these drugs don't help people. I'm saying compared to not receiving effective antibiotics when you've had an operation, are undergoing cancer treatment and a million other uses, these types of drugs pale into insignificance. And it IS a crisis. It's not happening tomorrow, it's happening right now:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378521/