If Bg is kept at non-diabetic levels, complications rarely occur.If you keep to HbA1c of around 7[ whatever the new number is]Which the medical profession call *Good Control*. You can't be sure of avoiding complications. Latest thinking is that it's spikes which cause complications, so you need to avoid spiking above 7.7 after meals. Consistent non-diabetic level blood sugars have been known to improve existing complications.
there was a story in a Scottish newspaper a few years ago about a patient scheduled for a leg amputation, whose condition was improved by strict low carb diet to the extent that the surgery wasn't necessary.
I myself had retinopathy at diagnosis, which was graded *mild to moderate*. Last 3 retinal scans were rated Background and not needing treatment
My T1 husband has stage 5 kidney disease which is now not deteriorating, because he's tightened his BG control to Hb A1c about 6.4% and cut back on carbs to reduce spiking. If the kidney disease had continued to worsen, he'd be on dialysis by now.
Hana