Mean age of participants was 40.71 ± 12.14 y, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.23 ± 4.9 kg/m2, at baseline. Mean of DIL and DII was 937 ± 254 and 84.0 ± 6.3. Participants with higher DIL had higher weight and waist circumference at baseline (
P < 0.05). A borderline positive association was observed between DII and the risk of insulin resistance in fully adjusted model (odds ratio = 1.66, 95 % confidence interval = 0.96–2.86,
P for trend = 0.06). After adjustment of potential confounders, highest compared to the lowest tertile of DIL was also significantly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance (odds ratio = 1.69, 95 % confidence interval = 1.01–2.89,
P for trend = 0.06).
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Conclusion
Dietary insulin load and DII could be considered as independent dietary risk factors for development of insulin resistance.