Hi AC,
Humalog is very fast (10-15 minutes to start acting), has a slightly higher peak in its activity and a shorter half life. It works well when time is short, which is why I use it for breakfast and lunch, but can overtake the body's ability to make glucose from protein. The effect seems to be amplified with larger doses.
Humulin S is slower acting (30-40 mins to start) but has a lower peak and lasts longer in the system.
It matches low carb meals very well, so I use it for dinner, my largest meal of the day.
I didn't know whether Lantus was the best basal for me because I hadn't tried the alternative (Levemir). I changed in January to see if there was any difference in dose, my weight, my hypo awareness etc. In short, my weight has fallen slightly but may have nothing to do with the basal change. My dose is unchanged. My hypo awareness has improved slightly.
All the best,
fergus