Several things could be happening here, but this will depend on the type of insulin you're on and when you're injecting, and your choice of food:
Unfortunately nothing's as good as a pancreas for keeping bg levels in check, so you have to make allowances for this in whatever you do. A non-diabetic's body has mechanisms for anticipating insulin needs, and you have to try to mimic them as best as you can, but this is the holy grail for many! You may need to inject some time before you eat - maybe 20-30 minutes - but this is down to the reaction time/profile of the insulin you're using, and they're all different.
There are other ways too - you could reduce your insulin needs by reducing the amount of carbohydrate you eat, or mitigate the impact of those you do eat by choosing carbs with a lower glycemic index/load such as pasta or pulses. But care is required here too, as you may have to stagger your insulin doses with such foods to avoid going hypo.
17 is way too high but while a correction dose may seem required (and urgent) at this level, you're then in danger of "stacking" insulin doses which can cause rapid drop-offs as you've discovered. So better to not let it get there in the first place. It is possible to do, but only some trial and error, and lots of practice (and testing) will get the results you're after.