It is a case of constant vigilance I'm afraid. When the pancreas has to work very hard producing lots of insulin (such as in cases of overeating), the insulin producing beta cells can start to burn out. Once they are gone, they can't be reproduced. The human body does not need all of its beta cells to produce adequate insulin. However, when some are destroyed the others have to work harder, increasing the chance that they will also burn out if put under constant stress.
The other problem is that the body becomes resistant to insulin if high levels are constantly present. (This is temporary and will gradually reverse if diet is improved). As the body ups its insulin resistance, more is required, therefore increasing the strain on the pancreas' beta cells. Again, over time this can cause them to start to burn out.
With healthy eating and weight management, it is possible to preserve remaining beta cells, safeguarding against full blown diabetes.