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Depending on the location of the cataract, the screening images may still be assessable using the normal camera screening. Sometimes, as the cataract progresses, extra images can help keep the eye assessable (the graders can 'jigsaw' the images together to get a full view). If the cataract is...

This is an extract from a leaflet produced by Gloucester Hospitals https://www.gloshospitals.nhs.uk/our-services/services-we-offer/pathology/tests-and-investigations/vitamin-b12-and-serum-folate/ :- B12 Investigation and Treatment Algorithm Interpretation is difficult. The following...

Given the expense of (and the difficulty in interpreting) insulin assay, C-peptide etc, it might be worth assuming insulin resistance and working on trying to reduce that as the lifestyle changes required are likely to be beneficial in any case. This website, Labtestsonline, explains both...

The degree of retinopathy you have now is thought to reflect the blood glucose control you had around 3 years ago so please don't be discouraged that your retinopathy appears to be worse despite improving your control. Good blood glucose control from now onwards will reduce the risk of further...

You could buy some urine dipsticks which test for glucose. If there is no glucose in your urine, your urinary symptoms are not due to high blood glucose. Some people say that they urinate more frequently on a 'keto' diet.

How has your HbA1c changed? Over what period? Remember that having a good HbA1c reduces the risk of progression, as does maintaining good blood pressure control.

Normally, blood glucose levels are less than 7.8 mmol/l 2 hours after eating and a random blood glucose can be up to 11.0 mmol/l so a random blood glucose of 4.7 mmol/l and a 2-hour post-prandial glucose level of 7.1 mmol/l is perfectly normal and not 'a massive variation'...

It's true that only a small proportion of people with psychology degrees work with patients. However, in healthcare, psychologists can specialise in clinical, counselling, forensic or health psychology...

At the eye specialist you will have further tests - possible results are:- the maculopathy has resolved and you are discharged back to screening to be seen annually the maculopathy is mild and you are discharged back to the surveillance arm of the diabetic eye screening programme to be seen...

Sorry to hear that you need laser treatment. It's difficult not to feel down about it but the positives are that the problems have been discovered early and that the treatment has a very good success rate. Regarding exercise - you are right to avoid avoid the following whist you are waiting...

Yes, Polaroids were used in the early attempts at screening - useful but less sensitive than the digital imaging imaging used today. However, if anything suspicious had been seen on the Polaroid, that would have been followed up with a slit lamp examination to determine whether treatment was...

The author of the opinion piece linked to says this about the UKPDS trial, "3,867 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomized to either intensive blood sugar control with insulin, aiming at a fasting blood sugar of less than 6 mmol/l " whereas the original paper says, "3867 newly...

Have a read through this, it may be helpful:- https://www.gov.uk/guidance/nhs-entitlements-migrant-health-guide

The ratio is the important number. It doesn't matter (except to the laboratory) what units the C-peptide was measured in as you cannot use that value on its own - it's not valid except as the ratio given (which has no units). None of these is critical in the early stages of type 1. As the...

That is because it is a ratio - it's called the C-peptide to creatinine ratio or UCPCR. The values @Ronancastled referred to were for different tests which did not include creatinine. Exeter's page about UCPCR is here:- https://www.exeterlaboratory.com/test/c-peptide-urine/ To put things into...

Background retinopathy causes no symptoms - it does not affect your eyesight. This is an extract from a results letter for someone with diabetic retinopathy:- "Your test result showed that you have some background retinopathy. This means there are small changes to the blood vessels in the...

Information from the NHS says:- Statins Statins are medicines that lower your cholesterol. Grapefruit or grapefruit juice affects some statins. Do not drink grapefruit juice if you're taking simvastatin. Grapefruit juice increases the level of simvastatin in your blood and makes side effects...

You might be interested by this new weight loss programme run by the NHS and aimed at people with type 2 diabetes if it is available in your area. https://www.england.nhs.uk/2022/01/nhs-soups-and-shakes-diet-helps-thousands-shed-the-pounds/

Was it this one, @sunspots ? https://www.wob.com/en-gb/books/rose-elliot/vegetarian-low-carb-diet/9780749926496?gclid=Cj0KCQiA0eOPBhCGARIsAFIwTs6kkWQHzKfpc9Wqp-JJfvDkq_TFDSGP9D7ucb7UdZEgOA3RtCL51m8aAgUYEALw_wcB

This is the link to the Decision Aid produced by NICE to help patients decide whether they should take statins:- https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181/resources/patient-decision-aid-pdf-243780159 NICE says, "Improving your diet, stopping smoking, reducing your alcohol intake, reducing your...