Neuropathy due to circulation tends to start with the fingers or toes, moving up to the hands\feet (or so my consultant says). Pain in your shins\calves, not the foot and not the upper leg, sounds more like the nerves supplying that area are the cause. (I am not a medical doctor, so don't run away with this idea.)
As a diabetic you should get a foot check every year, when was your last? I know it seems like they just prod your foot with a nylon filament, but they are looking at colour, blood flow, pedal pulse and reaction as well as checking sensation.
Definitely go back and see your GP if you're worried, and point out diabetes with high blood glucose tends to make all conditions worse and faster advancing.