Cupped disks within the eyes are classic symptoms of raised or elevated internal pressures within the eye and is commonly the result of having Glaucoma which frequently goes un-noticed for some time as it slowly developes (often over many years) and once discovered is usually treated with prescribed Eye Drops to bring the pressures within the eye down to a lower and safer long term level.
Left unteated, Glaucoma (raised Eye Pressure) will perminately damage the eye and the ability to see, usually effecting the outer periphial visual field first and slowly extending into the centre of vision when it is then often first noticed.
Not being able to see as well as one would like, can frequently result in eyestrain which indirectly may also give rise to headaches.
I have mentioned many times in the past of the importance of having a 'PROPER EYE EXAMINATION' by a qualified optician or optometrist. The simple retinal photographs that we diabetics get (now every 2 years) is simply not enough to FULLY examine our eyes for a wide range of potential eye disorders, and can never replace a properly conducted eye examination with all the various tests that go along with it.
We diabetics should therefore always go as a matter of course to either a qualified optician or optomitrist in addidion to having the retinal screening photographs done.