Often a brand name, though for your Toujeo Glargine the Toujeo is the brand name and the Glarine is the family of insulin (i.e. general chemical composition) it belongs to.
Depending on which way you want to chop it up there are a range of different (chemical) families of insulins which have different activity rates/curves/speeds (i.e. rapid/fast, short, intermediate, long.)
Have a look e.g. here
https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/insulin/ (look especially at the rapid and long-acting which have a range of families listed at the end after the "Includes ...." bit)
To make life marginally more complicated, an insulin is sometimes referred to as being e.g. Lantus-similar or Lantus-type (etc), because that was the first/most popular of a given family of insulins.