Being a bear of average brain the study goes into depth about the problems with using Europe-wide statistics and the variables that affect the results (self-selection, reporting over the long term, differences in the health spend of different countries etc.) There is also an emphasis on the results showing a national trend and not necessarily being applicable to every individual. The importance of the study for me is in the final sentence - Therefore, in the light of the growing evidence pointing to the negative role of carbohydrates, and considering the lack of any association between saturated fat and CVDs, we are convinced that the current recommendations regarding diet and CVDs should be seriously reconsidered. In other words cereals, even whole grain, potatoes, excess spirit alcohol etc seem to be linked to heart disease and saturated fats from dairy, particularly cheese, are not. Moderate intake of red wine also seems to have a protective effect and combined with the intake of cheese may explain the anomaly of the French statistics in western Europe. There are differences in the statistics for men and women in some areas of the study, particularly the difference between those who smoke, but the shift from refined to whole grain cereal is likened to moving from unfiltered to filter-tipped cigarettes and should not be recommended as a healthy lifestyle.