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New Diagnosis Test Could Prevent Misdiagnoses Of Type 1 And Type 2 Diabetes

DCUK NewsBot

DCUK NewsBot

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A major research breakthrough could help put an end to misdiagnosing type 1 diabetes as type 2 diabetes. Teams from the University of Exeter Medical School and Randox Laboratories say they have developed a new test that accurately diagnoses type 1 diabetes, and will clearly distinguish it from type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (an autoimmune condition) and type 2 diabetes (a metabolic disease) are different conditions with different causes. Yet the conditions can be misdiagnosed as each other as the conditions both share high blood sugar as the main symptom and tests to distinguish between different types of diabetes are not carried out in every case. The researchers state that up to 15% of young adults are wrongly diagnosed in the first instance, which means they are given the wrong medication and are vulnerable to serious diabetes-related complications. In the past type 1 diabetes has been regarded as a childhood condition, however this is now known not to be the case and many people can develop type 1 diabetes in adulthood. The Type 1 Diabetes GRS array test screens for 10 changes in a person's genetic sequence which are usually associated with the condition. It combines the findings and provides a genetic risk score. In a study analysing the new test, 259 DNA samples were presented and the GRS array successfully detected all the right genetic mutations, suggesting it could become a vital part of diagnosing type 1 diabetes correctly in the future. Dr Richard Oram, who led the University of Exeter team, said: "No one has, to date, used the known strong genetic risk of type 1 diabetes to distinguish type 1 from type 2. Our assay could be used alone, or in combination with clinical features and autoantibody testing to improve classification of diabetes at diagnosis, and therefore make sure people get on the right treatment." The researchers concluded that the pioneering test provides a "rapid and reliable genotyping test" for detecting genes associated with type 1 diabetes. The findings were unveiled at the 70th AACC Annual Scientific Meeting &Clinical Lab Expo, which has been taking place in Chicago.

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DCUK NewsBot said:
A major research breakthrough could help put an end to misdiagnosing type 1 diabetes as type 2 diabetes. Teams from the University of Exeter Medical School and Randox Laboratories say they have developed a new test that accurately diagnoses type 1 diabetes, and will clearly distinguish it from type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes (an autoimmune condition) and type 2 diabetes (a metabolic disease) are different conditions with different causes. Yet the conditions can be misdiagnosed as each other as the conditions both share high blood sugar as the main symptom and tests to distinguish between different types of diabetes are not carried out in every case. The researchers state that up to 15% of young adults are wrongly diagnosed in the first instance, which means they are given the wrong medication and are vulnerable to serious diabetes-related complications. In the past type 1 diabetes has been regarded as a childhood condition, however this is now known not to be the case and many people can develop type 1 diabetes in adulthood. The Type 1 Diabetes GRS array test screens for 10 changes in a person's genetic sequence which are usually associated with the condition. It combines the findings and provides a genetic risk score. In a study analysing the new test, 259 DNA samples were presented and the GRS array successfully detected all the right genetic mutations, suggesting it could become a vital part of diagnosing type 1 diabetes correctly in the future. Dr Richard Oram, who led the University of Exeter team, said: "No one has, to date, used the known strong genetic risk of type 1 diabetes to distinguish type 1 from type 2. Our assay could be used alone, or in combination with clinical features and autoantibody testing to improve classification of diabetes at diagnosis, and therefore make sure people get on the right treatment." The researchers concluded that the pioneering test provides a "rapid and reliable genotyping test" for detecting genes associated with type 1 diabetes. The findings were unveiled at the 70th AACC Annual Scientific Meeting &Clinical Lab Expo, which has been taking place in Chicago.

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Brilliant news.
 
Safi said:
Perhaps..............but only if doctors deign to run it ;) It's hard enough to get an insulin test.
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But wouldn't an insulin test just tell you your level at the time the blood was taken? Which changes minute by minute.
Wouldn't be any use to me. By the time I received the result it would be invalid a result, surely?
It would have to be a blood test rushed through the phlebotomy department to be any kind of relevant. Even then once waiting to be understood by a specialist. Would it be relevant anymore?
What would it tell any emergency department they'd already know by then?
 
ickihun said:
But wouldn't an insulin test just tell you your level at the time the blood was taken
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Fasting insulin test
Yes and if it was very high then Type 2 and if very low or non existent Type 1 or at least not Type 2?
I'm beginning to think that maybe the diagnostics are all wrong and we should change the definitions
Type 1 being no or very little insulin production so exogenous insulin required either immediately or in the future
Type 2 being excessive insulin production making Type 2 a condition of Insulin Resistance.
 
bulkbiker said:
Fasting insulin test
Yes and if it was very high then Type 2 and if very low or non existent Type 1 or at least not Type 2?
I'm beginning to think that maybe the diagnostics are all wrong and we should change the definitions
Type 1 being no or very little insulin production so exogenous insulin required either immediately or in the future
Type 2 being excessive insulin production making Type 2 a condition of Insulin Resistance.
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Is it not already?
 
There are side affects from no or little insulin and same for too much insulin.
Of course it natural not to have some or even all side affects from a condition/disease. Same for anything. That's when specialist get called in. To decifen the confusion, do tests and possibly make a diagnosis/prognosis.
 
ickihun said:
There are side affects from no or little insulin and same for too much insulin.
Of course it natural not to have some or even all side affects from a condition/disease. Same for anything. That's when specialist get called in. To decifen the confusion, do tests and possibly make a diagnosis/prognosis.
Click to expand...

Of course there are but surely it makes far more sense to say that little or no insulin production is a different condition from excessive insulin production.. rather than lumping excessive and too little under the same condition and then wondering why people don't respond correctly?
Giving people with an excess of insulin even more is surely a bit crazy? and possibly counter productive.
 
bulkbiker said:
No

"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results in hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) due to the body:

  • Being ineffective at using the insulin it has produced; also known as insulin resistance and/or
  • Being unable to produce enough insulin "
Now in my mind that is probably incorrect...

https://www.diabetes.co.uk/type2-diabetes.html
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Insulin for type1s is needed per pound/per kg of body weight or at least a recommendation for such.
Hence a 20st person needs more than a 10st person.
So even type2s need enough insulin (from somewhere) enough to supply the human body. Whatever their weight.

The theory is. ....
Less overweight, less insulin needed either by own type 2 body or injected.

Insulin resistance is different. Skinny type2s can have worse insulin resistance than some very overweight ones. Not all, of course.

I have double whammy!
Not enough and I'm high resistant due to years of off and on extreme exercise, dieting and starvation.

IR is variable from one minute to the next.

For me.. .Stress and lack of sleep with pain and responsibilities on top of hormonal changes by my thyroid, premenopause influences and other health medication side affects makes a huge difference to how my insulin and glucose is being used.

We all have our own individual insulin need and metabolic rate.
 
bulkbiker said:
Of course there are but surely it makes far more sense to say that little or no insulin production is a different condition from excessive insulin production.. rather than lumping excessive and too little under the same condition and then wondering why people don't respond correctly?
Giving people with an excess of insulin even more is surely a bit crazy? and possibly counter productive.
Click to expand...
If I'm given too much insulin I hypo just like anyone else.
 
ickihun said:
Insulin for type1s is needed per pound/per kg of body weight or at least a recommendation for such.
Hence a 20st person needs more than a 10st person.
So even type2s need enough insulin (from somewhere) enough to supply the human body. Whatever their weight.

The theory is. ....
Less overweight, less insulin needed either by own type 2 body or injected.

Insulin resistance is different. Skinny type2s can have worse insulin resistance than some very overweight ones. Not all, of course.

I have double whammy!
Not enough and I'm high resistant due to years of off and on extreme exercise, dieting and starvation.

IR is variable from one minute to the next.

For me.. .Stress and lack of sleep with pain and responsibilities on top of hormonal changes by my thyroid, premenopause influences and other health medication side affects makes a huge difference to how my insulin and glucose is being used.

We all have our own individual insulin need and metabolic rate.
Click to expand...
I think you are missing my point.
 
bulkbiker said:
No

"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that results in hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) due to the body:

  • Being ineffective at using the insulin it has produced; also known as insulin resistance and/or
  • Being unable to produce enough insulin "
Now in my mind that is probably incorrect...

https://www.diabetes.co.uk/type2-diabetes.html
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Beta cell failure (and hence being unable to produce enough insulin) is part of the natural history of type 2 diabetes. It used to be thought that high glucose levels caused the death of beta cells but there is ongoing research in this area.
https://www.diabetes.org.uk/researc...rch-spotlight---beta-cells-in-type-2-diabetes
 
Dark Horse said:
Beta cell failure (and hence being unable to produce enough insulin) is part of the natural history of type 2 diabetes. It used to be thought that high glucose levels caused the death of beta cells but there is ongoing research in this area.
https://www.diabetes.org.uk/researc...rch-spotlight---beta-cells-in-type-2-diabetes
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That is what I am questioning.. surely beta cell failure is a symptom of what we currently know as Type 1 not Type 2 at all?
I am postulating that we should reclassify beta cell dysfunction as a different condition to over production due to insulin resistance.
 
bulkbiker said:
That is what I am questioning.. surely beta cell failure is a symptom of what we currently know as Type 1 not Type 2 at all?
I am postulating that we should reclassify beta cell dysfunction as a different condition to over production due to insulin resistance.
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Type 1 is beta cell failure due to auto-immune disease unlike the beta cell failure in type 2. In any case, there might be a complete overhaul of classification in the future:- https://www.theguardian.com/society...abetes-not-just-type-1-and-type-2-study-shows
 
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