http://www.bdec-e-learning.com - this is a great course covering the basics of carb counting and insulin adjustments.
You should be testing at least before every meal and before bed, before driving and anytime you feel low or high. In addition, you might want to test 1-2 hours after eating.
To be honest, I wouldn't want to give any advice on target levels or adjusting insulin to someone so newly diagnosed. You should be able to call your DSNs for advice over the next couple of months and certainly over the next couple of weeks, until you get on the carb course (you're lucky to get on it so quickly) and get to grips with it.
Was it a GAD test that confirmed your type 1 status?