Might the issue be the food you are eating, rather than the amount or time you eat?
I don't know, because that's a pretty formidable workout for every day, and when I exercise like that, I find I can get away with quite a lot of carbs- still, if your protein shake is carby, then that on top of the bagel might be raising your bloods. It looks like a real sugar hit. If not that, then some people report vigorous exercise temporarily raises their levels- it might also be a possibility for you. Maybe do tests at more intervals to see when the rise is happening.