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<blockquote data-quote="Bluetit1802" data-source="post: 1581247" data-attributes="member: 94045"><p>I doubt whether underweight or overweight makes any difference. You can still be insulin resistant at any weight, or could still have insufficient insulin production at any weight. In either of these cases, your natural insulin isn't coping with the glucose from the liver dump. Or you could have wonky hormones (the hormones mostly involved are cortisol, growth hormones, glucogen) These hormones work to wake us up in the morning, mostly the human growth hormone, and cause a rise in blood sugars.</p><p></p><p>I have also read that when we have low growth hormones the DP is much less noticeable, and this is often the case in older people whose growth hormones diminish naturally.</p><p></p><p>Extract from <a href="https://www.dietdoctor.com/the-dawn-phenomenon" target="_blank">https://www.dietdoctor.com/the-dawn-phenomenon</a></p><p></p><p></p><p><em>Just before awakening (around 4am), the body secretes higher levels of Growth Hormone, cortisol, glucagon and adrenalin. Together, these are called the counter-regulatory hormones. That is, they counter the blood sugar lowering effects of insulin, meaning that they raise blood sugars. The nocturnal surge of growth hormone is considered the primary cause of the DP.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>These normal circadian hormonal increases prepare our bodies for the day ahead. That is, glucagon tells the liver to start pushing out some glucose. Adrenalin gives our bodies some energy. Growth hormone is involved in repair and new synthesis of protein. Cortisol, the stress hormone increases as a general activator. After all, we are never quite so relaxed as deep sleep. So these hormones gently get us ready to wake up. A good ol’ fashioned hormonal kick in the ass, so to speak. Hormones are secreted in a pulsatile manner peaking in the early morning hours then falling to low levels during the day.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Since these hormones all tend to raise blood sugars, we might expect that our sugars would go through the roof in the early morning. This does not actually happen.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Why? Insulin secretion also increases in the early morning to counteract the counter regulatory hormones. In other words, insulin is there to make sure blood sugars do not go too high. However, if you look closely at the blood sugar readings, there is a slight increase in the morning time.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>So, in the normal, non-diabetic situation, blood sugars are not stable throughout 24 hours. The Dawn Effect happens in normal people. This is easily missed because the magnitude of the rise is very small – from 89 to 92 mg/dl. However, this effect was found in every patient studied. So, unless you are specifically looking for the DP, you are likely to miss it.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Think about it this way. Your body has the ability to store food energy as sugar (glycogen) and fat. When you eat, you store food energy. As you sleep (fasting), your body needs to release this stored energy. Around 4am or so, knowing that you will soon be waking up, your body prepares you for the upcoming day. It does this by increasing counter-regulatory hormones to release sugar into the blood. You can see that glucose production falls overnight and starts to ramp up around 4 am. In order to prevent the sugars from rising too much, insulin increases to act as a ‘brake’ on the system.</em></p><p><em></em></p><p><em>Now, what happens in the situation where you have T2D, or high insulin resistance? First, the technical explanation. Around 4 am, counter regulatory hormones surge and insulin is also released to counter this. However, in T2D, the body has high insulin resistance, meaning that the insulin has minimal effect at lowering the blood sugars. Since the counter regulatory hormones (mostly growth hormone) still are working, blood sugars rise unopposed, and therefore much higher than the normal non diabetic situation.</em></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Bluetit1802, post: 1581247, member: 94045"] I doubt whether underweight or overweight makes any difference. You can still be insulin resistant at any weight, or could still have insufficient insulin production at any weight. In either of these cases, your natural insulin isn't coping with the glucose from the liver dump. Or you could have wonky hormones (the hormones mostly involved are cortisol, growth hormones, glucogen) These hormones work to wake us up in the morning, mostly the human growth hormone, and cause a rise in blood sugars. I have also read that when we have low growth hormones the DP is much less noticeable, and this is often the case in older people whose growth hormones diminish naturally. Extract from [URL]https://www.dietdoctor.com/the-dawn-phenomenon[/URL] [I]Just before awakening (around 4am), the body secretes higher levels of Growth Hormone, cortisol, glucagon and adrenalin. Together, these are called the counter-regulatory hormones. That is, they counter the blood sugar lowering effects of insulin, meaning that they raise blood sugars. The nocturnal surge of growth hormone is considered the primary cause of the DP. These normal circadian hormonal increases prepare our bodies for the day ahead. That is, glucagon tells the liver to start pushing out some glucose. Adrenalin gives our bodies some energy. Growth hormone is involved in repair and new synthesis of protein. Cortisol, the stress hormone increases as a general activator. After all, we are never quite so relaxed as deep sleep. So these hormones gently get us ready to wake up. A good ol’ fashioned hormonal kick in the ass, so to speak. Hormones are secreted in a pulsatile manner peaking in the early morning hours then falling to low levels during the day. Since these hormones all tend to raise blood sugars, we might expect that our sugars would go through the roof in the early morning. This does not actually happen. Why? Insulin secretion also increases in the early morning to counteract the counter regulatory hormones. In other words, insulin is there to make sure blood sugars do not go too high. However, if you look closely at the blood sugar readings, there is a slight increase in the morning time. So, in the normal, non-diabetic situation, blood sugars are not stable throughout 24 hours. The Dawn Effect happens in normal people. This is easily missed because the magnitude of the rise is very small – from 89 to 92 mg/dl. However, this effect was found in every patient studied. So, unless you are specifically looking for the DP, you are likely to miss it. Think about it this way. Your body has the ability to store food energy as sugar (glycogen) and fat. When you eat, you store food energy. As you sleep (fasting), your body needs to release this stored energy. Around 4am or so, knowing that you will soon be waking up, your body prepares you for the upcoming day. It does this by increasing counter-regulatory hormones to release sugar into the blood. You can see that glucose production falls overnight and starts to ramp up around 4 am. In order to prevent the sugars from rising too much, insulin increases to act as a ‘brake’ on the system. Now, what happens in the situation where you have T2D, or high insulin resistance? First, the technical explanation. Around 4 am, counter regulatory hormones surge and insulin is also released to counter this. However, in T2D, the body has high insulin resistance, meaning that the insulin has minimal effect at lowering the blood sugars. Since the counter regulatory hormones (mostly growth hormone) still are working, blood sugars rise unopposed, and therefore much higher than the normal non diabetic situation.[/I] [/QUOTE]
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