I don't remember the exact details, but from around 30+ weeks I found it harder to control my blood sugars. I got some 11s after meals, particularly my evening meal. I had to put the ratio for that up from 1: 10g to 1:3g. I also found there was no leeway for slight inaccuracies in carb counting or portions. I tended to overestimate the carbs a little just to get on top of this. Obviously, I always tested after meals and acted cautiously, but by the end of pregnancy I had a huge amount of insulin resistance (for me).
I started testing earlier after meals - at one hour not just two hours. This allowed me to spot if my blood sugar was on the way up.
My baby stayed around the 50th centile all through pregnancy so I can answer your other question. I think like most things it can vary, but usually begins to be noticeable in the second half of pregnancy. But I'm sure you don't need to worry about that as you sound like you're largely getting good control