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Without insulin our bodies cannot use the glucose that's building up in the system. At a basic level it's running out of energy even though the tank is full.
For a T1, I think of it as a component of fuel that is missing and needs something extra (injected insulin) to enable the body to burn it. It is difficult to describe my first insulin injection but I've written in these pages before that for me it was a bit like throwing a switch.
For a T2 you have all the components of the fuel. It's a bit like a restriction in the fuel line and your body cannot get the energy supplies it needs to keep functioning at the 'normal rate' which can make you feel lethargic.
Our bodies are using energy to consume food but once consumed and converted into glucose (fuel) the energy cannot be used so there's an energy deficit for a while until things stabilise. Some people feel sleepy after eating.
This is a huge oversimplification of the endocrine system and somebody may come along with a better explanation but hopefully it helps to shine a light in the right direction.