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What are the chances of type 1 diabetes , if we have child ?
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<blockquote data-quote="phoenix" data-source="post: 1069321" data-attributes="member: 12578"><p>.</p><p></p><p>The bit in the ADA link about a much higher risk in someone who has polyglandular autoimmune syndrome isn't 'just' autoimmune thyroid disease and type one, there is a third element mentioned adrenal insufficiency ie Addison's disease.</p><p>There are many T1s that have thyroid disease, far fewer that also have Addison's. <a href="http://www.diapedia.org/other-types-of-diabetes-mellitus/4104673132/polyendocrine-syndromes" target="_blank">http://www.diapedia.org/other-types-of-diabetes-mellitus/4104673132/polyendocrine-syndromes</a> (I don't think that I have come across any studies of genetic susceptibility in Asian populations as you say, they are often in the US, though also Scandinavia)</p><p></p><p></p><p>Genes are important but unlike MODY, T1 is polygenic involving the interaction of many genes not just one. Genes that make people susceptible are those that influence the immune system (HLA sytem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen</a> ) but there are also many other genes elsewhere have been implicated.</p><p></p><p></p><p>As Azure says it's not all genetic. If you were a monozygotic twin (ie identical genes) and developed T1, then the concordance rate ,ie the likelihood that your sibling will also develop it , is somewhere between 40 and 60% .The percentage, depends on study and how long they follow up for; a US study has found some cases where the 2nd twin develops it over 30 years after the first and most studies have been very much shorter than that. If you are a dizygotic twin (ie.each twin has received a different mix of genes from their parents so non indentical) , the concordance rate is quite low at between 5-10%.If T1 were completely genetic the monozygotic rate would be nearer 100% and the dizygotic one much higher.</p><p></p><p>What triggers the development of susceptibility is something that people have been researching for years. Vit D as above, is often mentioned and it fits nicely when you look at the statistics Finland and other Northerly countries having high rates .Then you get an area like Sardinia an Island in the Med, with no shortage of sun, yet has almost as high a rate as Finland, ( this cohort study in Sardinia is investing a variety of possible triggers ) <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956826/" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956826/</a></p><p></p><p>.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="phoenix, post: 1069321, member: 12578"] . The bit in the ADA link about a much higher risk in someone who has polyglandular autoimmune syndrome isn't 'just' autoimmune thyroid disease and type one, there is a third element mentioned adrenal insufficiency ie Addison's disease. There are many T1s that have thyroid disease, far fewer that also have Addison's. [URL]http://www.diapedia.org/other-types-of-diabetes-mellitus/4104673132/polyendocrine-syndromes[/URL] (I don't think that I have come across any studies of genetic susceptibility in Asian populations as you say, they are often in the US, though also Scandinavia) Genes are important but unlike MODY, T1 is polygenic involving the interaction of many genes not just one. Genes that make people susceptible are those that influence the immune system (HLA sytem [URL]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen[/URL] ) but there are also many other genes elsewhere have been implicated. As Azure says it's not all genetic. If you were a monozygotic twin (ie identical genes) and developed T1, then the concordance rate ,ie the likelihood that your sibling will also develop it , is somewhere between 40 and 60% .The percentage, depends on study and how long they follow up for; a US study has found some cases where the 2nd twin develops it over 30 years after the first and most studies have been very much shorter than that. If you are a dizygotic twin (ie.each twin has received a different mix of genes from their parents so non indentical) , the concordance rate is quite low at between 5-10%.If T1 were completely genetic the monozygotic rate would be nearer 100% and the dizygotic one much higher. What triggers the development of susceptibility is something that people have been researching for years. Vit D as above, is often mentioned and it fits nicely when you look at the statistics Finland and other Northerly countries having high rates .Then you get an area like Sardinia an Island in the Med, with no shortage of sun, yet has almost as high a rate as Finland, ( this cohort study in Sardinia is investing a variety of possible triggers ) [URL]http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2956826/[/URL] . [/QUOTE]
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