That sweeteners cause changes in gut bacteria is not the most important result obtained by Segal and Elinav (New Scientist 20th September 2014) What these results show is glucose intolerance which leads to diabetes is an infectious disease. That it can be transferred from men to mice by faecal transplant is definite proof. Bacteria with a toxin which is an O-linked N-acetylglucoseamine transferase, such as Clostridium novyi Type A and Klebsiella mobilis are capable of causing T2DM and its complications by interfering with the hexamine signalling pathways and damaging the cytoskeleton leading to uncontrolled glucose production and porous membranes.
This raises the prospect of both a cure and prophylaxis in the form of a capsule containing a cocktail of bacterophages specific to these organisms. As they say, this is worthy of further investigation.