They didn't have medical knowledge, or optimal nutrition, back then you could easily die from a scratch from thorns, let alone a more serious injury. 150 years ago people still died from broken bones.
They would have eaten any meat they could kill to get, berries and nuts etc, and anything growing wild that was edible, that would be a trial and error process, that no doubt killed many, until the knowledge was gained what was safe to eat.
During winter gathering would be pretty scarce, so if a hunt failed they starved. Little protection from the elements, Raids by other tribes to steal away the women, that probably killed a few. Added to this predatory animals that would like them for lunch. Life would have been significantly harder than now. Perhaps a few hardened special forces blokes could have survived it, but most people on the planet wouldn't last a month.