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Message: <blockquote data-quote="HairySmurf" data-source="post: 2725767" data-attributes="member: 583820">Evidence that dietary saturated fat has a connection to LDL - study from 1998 - <a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.atv.18.3.441?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed" target="_blank">Link</a>.  This was a study that built on research carried out over the previous two decades.  This study compared three diet plans - the average American diet (AAD), a diet titled 'Step 1' and a diet titled 'low-SFA'.  The three diets vary by total saturated fat content.I found that specific study by reading the references from a much more recent study which looked at the effects of a low saturated fat diet in African Americans specifically - <a href="https://www.jlr.org/article/S0022-2275(23)00093-7/fulltext" target="_blank">Link</a>.  This one is interesting because it seems to show that going too low on saturated fat may elevate other risk factors, possibly for genetic reasons, or possibly not.  Not eating enough saturated fat may actually be bad for a person.  That represents the state of the art in saturated fat research.  To find the evidence for the LDL thing you have to go back to the 80s and 90s, because it's very old news.  Researchers try to answer questions left unanswered by previous research.  Nobody spends years of their time trying to reinvent a 25 year old wheel or testing if that wheel still rolls.  By reading some of the references on that paper, and then reading some of the references on some of those papers, and so on, I went back in time through the research to see how each piece of the puzzle was proven over time.  That's how it's done.  Have a go if you're interested.  It does take a while, these things are hard to read, a lot of Googling unfamiliar terms involved, but it is a very informative process known as 'research'.I stopped at this paper from 1997 which proved the mechanism by which saturated fats actually affect LDL particle concentration  in the blood - <a href="https://www.jlr.org/article/S0022-2275(20)37254-0/pdf" target="_blank">Link</a>.  I felt I had kicked enough wheels by that point to be sure they were solid.  Interestingly in reference to the cheese mystery I mentioned earlier, this study also used three diet plans - AAD, Step 1 and a Low-Sat.  I believe the design of these studies is a flaw which might possibly have let cheese and other foods slip through the cracks, so to speak.  Hopefully future research will examine individual foods rather than saturated fat as a broad grouping as if they were all the same (which they may not be).To your second point, research on the connection between LDL (specifically) and causative effect in disease pretty much stopped some time ago because ApoB was determined some years ago to be the better marker to look for rather than LDL.  Here's study from 2022 from China - <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2022.822626/full" target="_blank">Link</a> - which looked at ApoB and all-cause mortality.  That study did something interesting by also looking at markers for malnutrition.  I'm not going to tell you what it says or interpret it for you because I don't think you'd take my word for it.  If you are genuinely interested in seeing some evidence, as you say you need to, all you need to do it click on the links and read.  I posted three of these three of these four links on this forum previously but, well.. things happen it would seem.I'm no scientist.  When I first joined this forum I believed that eggs are bad for health.  I was of course wrong.  They're only bad for a small subset of people who are genetically susceptible to high levels of dietary cholesterol, so called 'hyper absorbers'.  I learned that, and everything else I needed to learn about cholesterol, so that I could determine which pieces of information posted on this forum are good and useful (eggs are in fact a fantastic food for most people) and which aren't factual.  The work goes on and will never end, as there will always been some new science to read.</blockquote>

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