The connection between Alzheimer's disease and cholesterol is even more complex. Scientists have learned much of the damage of Alzheimer's comes from deposits of a sticky protein, called beta-amyloid, in vital areas of the brain. In some studies, high cholesterol levels appear to accelerate the formation of beta-amyloid plaques. People with the genetic trait that increases the level of a particular cholesterol transport protein have a greatly increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's.