Well as someone who has had diabetes for 40years ish (since I was 2), I'm not as good as maths as I was when I was doing my Maths A-levels, but you know that's probably just because I don't really practice all that stuff anymore - I'm still better at mental arithmetic than many in my office. I have a job in software development including some data analysis which requires me to think and at least be vaguely intelligent
If diabetes was going to make me less intelligent over time, I'm sure something would have shown up by now
- especially since many of my early years my control was awful.
Edit: it has however made me a bit of a pessimistic cynical old fart