One constant with diabetes is that we are all different. There is no universal reaction to exercise and no universal standard time for blood sugars to come down if they go up.
Some exercise could cause your blood sugars to go up but many cause it to go down. And, usually, the longer term affect is a lower blood sugar.
In general, short stop/start exercise and resistance training, like HIIT and weight, can make your blood sugars go up. Longer constant exercise like walking, running, cycling, dancing, make our blood sugars go down.
My understanding is that there are two main diabetes related things at play here
- our body because more efficient at using insulin when we are exercising so our blood sugars go down
- our liver releases extra glucose to give us the extra energy so our blood sugars go up. This will mean that we have less glucose supplies in our liver for the next 48 hours. Hence, the longer term reduction.
There is also things like stress on your body - for example, a long constant bike ride on the flat on a pleasant day will probably cause my blood sugars to go down whereas a ride up a steep hill in the wind and the rain will make my blood sugars go up. However, if I got used to riding uphill in the wind and rain, it would have less impact.
IN most cases, the additional benefits of exercise outweigh the potential rise in blood sugars so I encourage you to move and learn what your body does.