What appaling treatment. You have 3 options for complaining and you should not experience any further victimisation because you have said that you are unhappy with the way you have been treated. She has "dressed up" her person prejudice as acceptable professional practice and I know she isn't the only one who does this. I was once thoroughly told off by a (now retired) practice nurse for having normal blood pressure - apparently I should not have had normal blood pressure because I was overweight.
Option 1 - You can talk to the Practice Manager, who can investigate this for you and will look at what needs to be done to put things right. In my experience, the general attitudes of people who behave in this kind of way are usually well known to their colleagues. I suspect that the nurses comments will not be a surprise to others at the surgery. They get away with it because people don't complain.
Option 2 - Talk to the Patient Advice and Liasion Service (PALS), usually based in your local hospital (number in the phone book or by calling your local hospital and asking to be put through). PALS deals with all aspects of health care including community based servces, dentistry, health centres, as well as hospital based care. Their approach is about what can be done to put something right and keep everyone talking to each other.
Option 3 - making a formal complain. My own personal experience of doing this is that when you make a complaint they go through a long-winded complaints procedure, which does not necessarily give you the outcome you want. I have had much better results from PALS and talking to the practice manager.
I'd just like to point out that I'm not a stroppy patient who makes lots of complaints! I have had a couple of issues with the care of a family member recently and I work with disabled adults who sometimes get their wires crossed with the medical people they work with and I spend time sorting out these misunderstandings so that communication goes smoothly and hopefully everyone gets what they need.
Regarding the "collapse" in the supermarket... could you have had an anxiety attack (hyperventilation/over breathing)? That can have very physical symptoms and I can imagine you'd have been in quite a state after an encounter like that.