Dark Horse
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The joule as a unit of energy wasn't coined until 1882 and wasn't the default unit of energy in the UK until SI units were adopted in the 1950s. I agree that 1 calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 gram of water through 1 degree Celsius (at atmospheric pressure) but that definition doesn't say anything about olive oil or jam in the body.Joules have been around for a very long time, and have always been the default measurement for energy.
Strictly speaking one calorie defines the amount of energy (Joules) required to raise 1 gram of water though 1 degree celcius.
This is why 1 cal from olive oil is very different from 1 cal from Jam once inside the body (energy burner)
Just for clarity, 1 calorie = 4.2 joules (approx), 1 Calorie = 1000 calories and 1 Calorie = 4.2 kilojoules