I have been in a similar situation, and this is what I found:
1. I found it really difficult to keep my sugars exactly right without going high or low. Eventually I learnt some sort of schedule but, just like you said, do the same thing 2 days running and it's just not the same results anyway. So, be gentle on myself and just do the best I can!
2. Always, no matter what, carry sugar and high carb snack with me. (I didn't always used to do that...)
3. If I were a 12 in the morning and doing that much exercise, I'd have been super wary with taking any insulin for breakfast.
4. I learnt to pay attention to what I eat for breakfast. If my sugars were high, like 12, I'd try low carb with no insulin taken, or something like low carb wholemeal bread which I know how it works and didn't rush to spike my sugars. I usually took about 1/3 of the carbs I was actually eating. When my sugars were good, I wouldn't take any insulin (and again kept on top of what I was eating, so for example 1 or 2 slices of low carb wholemeal bread at 7carbs each piece).
5. I try to keep my sugars a little elevated. Not much, but an 8-9 was good for me. It gave me the space to drop during exercise (remember I've eaten before and not covered all so I still have the food in me, and I would still drop). I wouldn't correct unless I was above 12.
Note, that when I'm doing exercise and correcting - each unit brings me down much more than it does when I'm sitting on the couch. So, if I were in middle of exercising and see a 19 (which I hated because it stole my concentration but it did happen in my trying to avoid going low) I'd take into consideration how much time I still had left of exercise and correct very, very cautiously. (if I were almost done, I'd correct down to a 9, if not perhaps just a 13 and I'd still get all the way down to 6 by the time I was done).
6. I usually stopped half way through for a snack. That would depend though on how long I'm exercising for.
Another thing - exercise can make you go low later on in the day too.
To sum up: alot of trial and error for me, to learn how much to correct and to learn what foods I should eat.
But, exercise did my body good and I'm really glad I did it!!