Does fatty acid oxidation reduce or increase inflammation?

I'm trying to read something and am out of my depth. Can anyone comment on this and make it clearer?

I guess the main thing I'm trying to understand is this: Can eating very low carb cause inflammation by increasing fatty acid oxidation? Or does it reduce inflammation (which is what I assumed)?

I've read somewhere that fatty acid oxidation, which happens in the fasted state (and I assume when you restrict carbohydrates by following a keto or carnivore diet), improves your health and reduces inflammation. I can't find where I read that though and I might just be making that up.

But now I am looking at this article (linked below) and it seems to say that increased fatty acid oxidation is associated with health problems like T2. ... I'm confused. Can anyone help?

It says: "Energy metabolism in the aerobic heart differs from that in the insulin-resistant heart (fig. 1). In the latter, fatty acids are favored as an energy source over glucose, which is thus associated with increased fatty acid oxidation, and an overall decrease in glycolysis and glucose oxidation. (Wouldn't this be a coping mechanism? And I also don't get how you can mobilize fatty acids if you are feeding your body glucose via carbs. Again though, I not sure I understand any of this properly..)

"As muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation is increased in insulin-resistant and diabetic individuals, increased fatty acid metabolism can thus directly impair glucose metabolism in muscle. In addition, accumulation of fatty acid metabolites in muscle can impair insulin signaling," (Is this also the same as the physiological insulin resistance people experience when in ketosis?)

https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/448357

"In well-fed animals the liver converts excess carbohydrates to fatty acids, whereas in fasting animals fatty acid oxidation is the predominant activity, along with the formation of ketones.

https://www.britannica.com/science/lipid/Mobilization-of-fatty-acids

ianf0ster said:

I haver seen a few of these mouse studies which appear to give results that aren't consistent with what appears to work for us (T2Diabetics).
Here is one that I commented on in 'the other forum':

Another member posted:
"A ketogenic diet -- which provides 99% of calories from fat and only 1% from carbohydrates -- produces health benefits in the short term, but negative effects after about a week, Yale researchers found in a study of mice.

The results offer early indications that the keto diet could, over limited time periods, improve human health by lowering diabetes risk and inflammation. They also represent an important first step toward possible clinical trials in humans.

The keto diet has become increasingly popular as celebrities, including Gwyneth Paltrow, Lebron James, and Kim Kardashian, have touted it as a weight-loss regimen.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200127134741.htm "

I replied:
I quote the relevant part of this and bold the key phrases, the rather strange parts I put in italics:

"A keto diet tricks the body into burning fat, said lead author Vishwa Deep Dixit of the Yale School of Medicine. When the body's glucose level is reduced due to the diet's low carbohydrate content, the body acts as if it is in a starvation state -- although it is not -- and begins burning fats instead of carbohydrates. This process in turn yields chemicals called ketone bodies as an alternative source of fuel. When the body burns ketone bodies, tissue-protective gamma delta T-cells expand throughout the body.

This reduces diabetes risk and inflammation, and improves the body's metabolism, said Dixit, the Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Comparative Medicine and of Immunobiology. After a week on the keto diet, he said, mice show a reduction in blood sugar levels and inflammation.

But when the body is in this "starving-not-starving" mode, fat storage is also happening simultaneously with fat breakdown, the researchers found. When mice continue to eat the high-fat, low-carb diet beyond one week, Dixit said, they consume more fat than they can burn, and develop diabetes and obesity."

My comments / questions:
It is important to note that where 'diabetes' is mentioned, it really should be saying Type 2 Diabetes - since this doesn't apply to other forms such as Type 1.
1. We do know that it is possible to over-eat when on a Keto 'Way Of Eating'. But surely this isn't possible on a Keto diet - the word diet implying a calorie restriction!
2. Do mice exhibit that same satiety controls such as humans and cats, or do they lack them as in dogs and bears? If they lack the satiety controls, then the 'continuing to eat high-fat, low-carb' portion of the text shows that the experiment was designed to show a poor longer-term result.
3. Do natural mice develop diabetes from eating fats - or is this just because the lab mice are genetically altered to be susceptible to diabetes?
4. Is there any evidence that humans ever develop type 2 diabetes from eating fat without carbs? All the evidence I see shows that it is due to carbohydrates.
How do you develop Insulin Resistance by eating something that lowers your Insulin? Do people with allergies get worse by avoiding that to which they are allergic to?

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The part about it leading to diabetes doesn't sound right. But if it burning off your own fat stores somehow causes inflammation, then I wonder what long term health outcomes it might have if we are left with that. Obviously eating carbs is killing us anyway. And overeating anything can't end well either.

bulkbiker said:

A. It's in mice who find it hard to be in ketosis as they haven't evolved to work that way.
B. It is really important to look at exactly what the mice were fed. The chow is often very high in seed oil which could well promote inflammation rather than healthy animals fats.
C. We're simply not mice so any conclusion drawn from the study applies to mice and not humans.

Hope that helps.. I tend to ignore anything that involves mice these days...

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That does help because I forgot about those rodent studies using seed oils for their high fat experiments. Makes sense that it might cause inflammation. So eating healthy fats and the fat burning your body does when in ketosis shouldn't be causing inflammation then hopefully.