The removal of a diseased parathyroid gland could reduce the risk of people developing diabetes by 30%, according to new findings.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the third most common endocrine disorder and effects millions of people globally.
People with the condition have raised calcium levels in the blood, which can cause kidney stones and osteoporosis.
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What is less well known is that PHPT can also reduce insulin sensitivity, impacting the regulation of blood sugar.
A new study led by the University of Hong Kong has found that removing the diseased parathyroid gland – known as parathyroidectomy – helps to correct this hormonal imbalance, which in turn may improve blood glucose control.
Dr David Lui Tak-wai, Clinical Assistant Professor of the Division of Endocrinology, said the parathyroid glands are part of the body’s endocrine system.
He explained: “When calcium levels are low, the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which prompts the body to release calcium from the bones and enhances calcium absorption.
“While PHPT has long been associated with complications in the kidneys and bones, our study sheds light on its underappreciated metabolic consequences, especially its link to diabetes risk.”
Researchers analysed data from just over 3,000 people with PHPT from the period 2006 to 2023, looking at the onset of diabetes.
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Dr Liu Xiaodong, from the Division of Endocrine Surgery at the university, said: “Parathyroidectomy (removal of the diseased parathyroid glands) was consistently associated with a lower risk of new-onset diabetes, and our findings remained robust with repeated validation and rigorous adjustments.
“The benefit was particularly pronounced in younger patients and those with more severe PHPT.”
The team said parathyroidectomy may offer important metabolic benefits beyond the well-established protection for bones and kidneys, saying: “Our findings provide clinicians with stronger scientific evidence to guide treatment decisions.”
Read more in JAMA Surgery
